transoral laser microsurgery of benign and malign Surgical Steps Patient Positioning and Anesthesia: Ensuring optimal access and airway security. Visualization: Using a laryngoscope or endoscope to expose the lesion. Laser Delivery: The laser fiber is introduced through the endoscope, N Nicolas Dickens Aug 6, 2025
Anatomy For Transoral Approaches In ranches of the lingual, facial, and ascending pharyngeal arteries, requires careful identification and preservation to prevent excessive bleeding and ensure hemostasis during transoral surgeries. What role does the hypoglossal nerve play in t B Bridget Predovic Feb 24, 2026
